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Base by Base

Base by Base explores advances in genetics and genomics, with a focus on gene-disease associations, variant interpretation, protein structure, and insights from exome and genome sequencing. Each episode breaks down key studies and their clinical...more

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Latest Episodes

271: Rising EA PGI prediction of educational attainment across 1946–1970 British birth cohorts and socioeconomic interaction

Episode 271

January 25, 2026

271: Rising EA PGI prediction of educational attainment across 1946–1970 British birth cohorts and socioeconomic interaction

Morris TT et al., PNAS - EA and cognition polygenic indexes (PGIs) in three British birth cohorts show EA PGI associations with years of...

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00:19:51

270: Human Topoisomerase IIIα–RMI1–RMI2 (TRR) processively relaxes negatively supercoiled DNA measured by optical tweezers

Episode 270

January 25, 2026

270: Human Topoisomerase IIIα–RMI1–RMI2 (TRR) processively relaxes negatively supercoiled DNA measured by optical tweezers

Spakmana D et al., H., Hickson I. D., Peterman E. J. G., Wuite G. J. L., King G. A. Mechanistic basis for relaxation of...

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00:22:00

269: Mlh1–Pms1 endonuclease creates single-strand gaps to excise mispairs in S. cerevisiae MMR

Episode 269

January 24, 2026

269: Mlh1–Pms1 endonuclease creates single-strand gaps to excise mispairs in S. cerevisiae MMR

Palacio T et al., PNAS - Reconstituted Saccharomyces cerevisiae mismatch repair shows the Mlh1–Pms1 endonuclease directly generates single-strand gaps to excise mispairs independent of...

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00:20:45

268: M493I in human β-cardiac myosin: SRX disruption, slow ADP release, and enhanced actin attachment

Episode 268

January 23, 2026

268: M493I in human β-cardiac myosin: SRX disruption, slow ADP release, and enhanced actin attachment

Cail RC et al., PNAS - Recombinant human β-cardiac myosin M493I studied by optical trapping and stopped-flow kinetics disrupts the super-relaxed state and increases...

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00:22:05

267: DNA base-pair opening modes and soliton-like loops revealed by hydrogen exchange

Episode 267

January 22, 2026

267: DNA base-pair opening modes and soliton-like loops revealed by hydrogen exchange

Englander SW et al., PNAS - Hydrogen exchange (H-T and NMR H-H) on DNA and RNA reveals two distinct base-pair opening modes: single-base microsecond...

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00:21:20

266: TOP1α and TOP3β Differentially Regulate HPV31 Replication via R-loops and DNA Breaks

Episode 266

January 21, 2026

266: TOP1α and TOP3β Differentially Regulate HPV31 Replication via R-loops and DNA Breaks

Vatsa A et al., PNAS - In HPV31-positive keratinocytes (CIN612), TOP1α and TOP3β are upregulated and required for viral transcription and replication, acting via...

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00:17:03