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Base by Base

Base by Base explores advances in genetics and genomics, with a focus on gene-disease associations, variant interpretation, protein structure, and insights from exome and genome sequencing. Each episode breaks down key studies and their clinical...more

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Latest Episodes

445: Why Thymine Survived the UV: Photodamage Pathways Explained

Episode 445

August 22, 2026

445: Why Thymine Survived the UV: Photodamage Pathways Explained

Khosh Abady K et al., PNAS - Spectroscopic comparison of thymine and uracil under 265 nm UVC shows thymine is more photoreactive and absorbs...

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00:26:55

444: Many-eyes or Sentinels? How Cost Curvature Shapes Collective Vigilance

Episode 444

August 19, 2026

444: Many-eyes or Sentinels? How Cost Curvature Shapes Collective Vigilance

Pilgrim C et al., PNAS - A minimal analytical model shows that whether animal groups adopt distributed low-level vigilance (many-eyes) or concentrated high-vigilance roles...

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00:24:40

443: 5D‑ASO boosts exon 51 skipping and restores dystrophin in DMD models

Episode 443

August 18, 2026

443: 5D‑ASO boosts exon 51 skipping and restores dystrophin in DMD models

Feng P et al., PNAS - This paper describes a bipartite antisense oligonucleotide (5D‑ASO) design that appends a short 5′ splice site decoy tail...

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00:19:35

442: When pumps go missing: Ca2+ control of PMCA2 in Tmc1 deafness mutants

Episode 442

August 17, 2026

442: When pumps go missing: Ca2+ control of PMCA2 in Tmc1 deafness mutants

Rolseth AB et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) - This study links reduced Ca2+ entry through mutant TMC1 mechanotransducer channels...

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00:22:57

441: Evolutionary mapping of Cav1.3 functional sites

Episode 441

August 14, 2026

441: Evolutionary mapping of Cav1.3 functional sites

Tang X et al., PNAS - The authors apply an evolutionary sequence-covariation model to the Cav1.3 (CACNA1D) α1-subunit, map predicted pathogenicity onto structural models,...

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00:24:01

440: DENV-4: Suppressing DNA Repair and Causing Genome Damage

Episode 440

August 12, 2026

440: DENV-4: Suppressing DNA Repair and Causing Genome Damage

Lamkina EN et al., PNAS - This episode reviews a PNAS brief report showing that DENV-4 infection induces marked DNA damage in infected cells...

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00:23:41