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Base by Base

Base by Base explores advances in genetics and genomics, with a focus on gene-disease associations, variant interpretation, protein structure, and insights from exome and genome sequencing. Each episode breaks down key studies and their clinical...more

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Latest Episodes

354: How Cohesin Acetylation and ATPase Shape Chromatin Loops and Cohesion

Episode 354

April 30, 2026

354: How Cohesin Acetylation and ATPase Shape Chromatin Loops and Cohesion

Costantino L et al., PNAS - Costantino et al. dissect how Eco1-mediated acetylation of Smc3 (K112, K113) and cohesin ATPase activity separately regulate chromatin...

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00:14:30

353: Masculinization Reverses Sex Differences in Fertility

Episode 353

April 30, 2026

353: Masculinization Reverses Sex Differences in Fertility

Schubert HA et al., PNAS - This episode reviews a global analysis showing that shifts in population sex composition have reversed historical sex gaps...

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00:27:25

352: Interspecies control of E. coli growth in human gut microbiomes

Episode 352

April 27, 2026

352: Interspecies control of E. coli growth in human gut microbiomes

Boumasmoud M et al., PNAS - Reciprocal transplant experiments in anaerobic microcosms show that resident human gut microbiome context alters growth of introduced Escherichia...

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00:25:22

351: When Selection Survives Admixture: Hard Sweeps in Ancient Eurasians

Episode 351

April 26, 2026

351: When Selection Survives Admixture: Hard Sweeps in Ancient Eurasians

Harris M et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) - This episode examines a PNAS study that uses a domain-adaptive neural...

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00:24:52

350: OPA1 A8S in Rhesus Macaques Models Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy

Episode 350

April 25, 2026

350: OPA1 A8S in Rhesus Macaques Models Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy

Jaggers TN et al et al., PNAS - A spontaneous OPA1 A8S missense mutation in rhesus macaques produces retinal ganglion cell loss, RNFL thinning,...

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00:25:26

349: Oxidized rNTPs and Transcription Fidelity: How 8‑oxo‑rGTP Embeds RNA Damage

Episode 349

April 24, 2026

349: Oxidized rNTPs and Transcription Fidelity: How 8‑oxo‑rGTP Embeds RNA Damage

Hou P et al., PNAS - This study combines kinetic assays and X‑ray crystallography to show how 8‑oxo‑guanosine triphosphate (8‑oxo‑rGTP) is incorporated by RNA...

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00:21:13